Nephrotic Syndrome: What It Is, Causes, and Symptoms

What is Nephrotic Syndrome?

Nephrotic Syndrome is a kidney problem that causes your body to lose too much protein in your urine. This condition can make you feel tired, swollen, or sick. In fact, Nephrotic Syndrome happens when tiny filters in your kidneys, called glomeruli, do not work right. Because of this, your body cannot keep protein in your blood. Instead, the protein leaks out into your urine. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Nephrotic Syndrome can affect both children and adults. However, it is more common in children. Early treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent problems.

Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome

There are several reasons why someone might get Nephrotic Syndrome. Sometimes, the cause is not clear. But in many cases, it happens because of damage to the kidneys. Here are some common causes:

Minimal Change Disease: This is the most common cause in children. Doctors do not always know why it happens, but it often responds well to treatment.

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): This cause is more common in adults. It means there are scars in the kidney filters.

Membranous Nephropathy: This is another cause in adults. It happens when the kidney filters get thick and damaged.

Infections: Some infections, like hepatitis or HIV, can lead to Nephrotic Syndrome.

Other Diseases: Diabetes and lupus can also damage the kidneys and cause this condition.

Sometimes, certain medicines or toxins can harm the kidneys. In rare cases, a family history of kidney disease may play a role. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), early diagnosis helps prevent further kidney damage.

Symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic Syndrome has several signs that you can watch for. While symptoms may start slowly, they can get worse over time. Here are the most common symptoms:

Swelling: You may notice swelling in your legs, ankles, feet, or around your eyes. This happens because your body holds onto extra fluid.

Foamy Urine: Your urine may look bubbly or foamy. This is a sign of protein loss.

Weight Gain: Sudden weight gain can happen due to fluid buildup.

Tiredness: You may feel weak or tired more often than usual.

Loss of Appetite: Some people do not feel like eating.

In some cases, you might also have high cholesterol or high blood pressure. If you notice these symptoms, it is important to talk to a doctor. Early treatment can help manage Nephrotic Syndrome and lower the risk of complications. Peer-reviewed medical journals suggest that regular check-ups can help catch kidney problems early.

Consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice on Nephrotic Syndrome.